Which of the following lists the non-price determinants of demand?

• A. Income, prices of related goods, tastes and preferences, expectations about future prices, number of buyers, and advertising.
• B. Input prices, technology, prices of related goods produced, expectations, number of sellers, taxes/subsidies.
• C. Income, production costs, depreciation, marketing.
• D. Subsidies, tariffs, exchange rates, weather.

Answer: (A)

Non-price determinants of demand are the factors that shift the demand curve, changing the quantity buyers are willing to purchase at any given price. The list that includes income, prices of related goods, tastes and preferences, expectations about future prices, number of buyers, and advertising fits this idea perfectly. Each factor alters how much people want to buy independently of the actual price: higher income often raises demand for normal goods; the prices of substitutes or complements change what people choose to buy; changes in tastes or successful advertising can make a product more or less desirable; if buyers expect prices to rise, they may buy more now; more buyers means higher overall demand.

Price itself causes movement along the demand curve, not a shift, which is why price alone isn’t listed as a determinant here.

The other options mix in supply-side factors like input prices, technology, production costs, or the number of sellers—these affect supply, not demand. They also include policy or environmental items that aren’t standard non-price demand determinants.